Biosensors using NAD / NAD

 

Problem :                NAD / NADP are unstable and of low molecular weight

Set ups :                1.       FIA system with NAD / NADP

                              2.       high mol. weight NAD / NADP and membrane

                                        --> analyte can permeate through the membrane

                                        Modified NAD is included in the electrode / optrode compartment.

e.g.